Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) Smart contract theory Languages and tools for (secure) dApps Infrastructures for dApps Communication protocols and standards for dApps Software engineering for dApps and smart contracts verification Decentralized identity Identity management for dApps Token economy Off-Chain/Layer 2 dApps Decentralized Finance (DeFi) Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) Cryptographic primitives for applications Analytics for on-chain and off-chain data Governance structure and mechanisms Interoperability for dApps, Blockchains, and DLTs Privacy of dApps Security of dApps Scalability, sharding, and performance of blockchain systems Policy/laws surrounding dApps and cryptocurrencies Applications in emerging domains Other emerging research topics