Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) Smart contracts theory and programming Languages and tools for (secure) dApps Web3 security AI for dApps Machine learning for dApps Infrastructures for dApps Communication protocols and standards for dApps Software engineering for dApps and smart contracts verification Privacy of dApps Security of dApps Decentralized identity Identity management for dApps Token economy Off-Chain/Layer 2 dApps Decentralized Finance (DeFi) Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) Cryptographic primitives for applicationsAnalytics for on-chain and off-chain data Governance structure and mechanisms Policy/laws surrounding dApps and cryptocurrencies Interoperability for dApps, Blockchains, and DLTs Scalability, optimization, and performance of blockchain systems Applications in emerging domains Other emerging research topics